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research / germany
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In the 20th century german entrepreneurship research made a breakthrough and reached a certain peak. Some analyst developed a picture of entrepreneurial behaviour which was focused upon a comprehensive process of innovation. They pointed out that a process of creative destruction in markets, breaking free from the routines of a given
market situation, can only be achieved in case of an innovation process which consists of
different innovative elements such as product innovations, process innovations,
organizational innovations, innovations in the area of purchasing, and/or sales related
innovations. To combine these different innovative inputs and to focus them upon the
target to build a new market and destroy an old one is core of this thoughts. They understood of innovations is in rather no way a technical one. However, only a small number of these
novelties has potential to trigger a process of creative destruction. Accordingly the
entrepreneur as a more or less elitist person has to make a rough selection. Having found
those novelties which could represent profitable innovations later on, a follow up task is
to overcome resistance in many ways. Markets are very often not prepared for a new
solution. Internally there are lots of persons who fear a new surrounding and everything
that can be overtaxing. To find out new solutions in any way is indeed
a core challenge for developing countries. Analyzing the value chains in Africa for
instance clearly indicates that improvements are possible in many different ways. Service
innovations, new organizational modes, less cost intensive ways of production are crucial
challenges for the developing countries. Accordingly, these concepts offers a
lot for management in Africa. About in the middle of the 20th century the work of the New Austrian Economics became more and more popular. They made important contributions in order to point out that entrepreneurial behaviour cannot only be regarded as a task of a single person. Oppositely, every person in an organization is in a position to conduct entrepreneurial
functions. Insofar it was clear to make a switch from the individual level to
the organizational one.
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